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The Pauli exclusion principle forbids indistinguishable fermions to occupythe same quantum mechanical state. Its implications are profound and it forexample accounts for the electronic shell structure of atoms. Here we performmeasurements on the scattering of off-resonant light from ultracold gasses offermionic atoms. For Fermi gases in the quantum degenerate regime, we observe amarked suppression in light scattering as compared to a similarly preparedthermal Bose gas. We attribute the observed increased transmission of lightthrough the quantum degenerate Fermi gas to Pauli blocking, where Fermi-Diracstatistics causes atoms to occupy a large region of the momentum space limitingthe number of accessible states for the scattered atom. Our work confirms alongstanding fundamental result in the theory of the optical response ofquantum gases and is an important step towards novel cooling and thermometrymechanisms for degenerate Fermi gases.

Observation of Pauli blocking in light scattering from quantum degenerate fermions