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Rapidly developing augmented reality (AR) and 3D holographic displaytechnologies require spatial light modulators (SLM) with high resolution andviewing angle to be able to satisfy increasing customer demands. Currentlyavailable SLMs, as well as their performance, are limited by their large pixelsizes of the order of several micrometres. Further pixel size miniaturizationhas been stagnant due to the persistent challenge to reduce the inter-pixelcrosstalk associated with the liquid crystal (LC) cell thickness, which has tobe large enough to accumulate the required 2{\pi} phase difference. Here, wepropose a concept of tunable dielectric metasurfaces modulated by a liquidcrystal environment, which can provide abrupt phase change and uncouple thephase accumulation from the LC cell thickness, ultimately enabling the pixelsize miniaturization. We present a proof-of-concept metasurface-based SLMdevice, configured to generate active beam steering with >35% efficiency andlarge beam deflection angle of 11{\deg}, with LC cell thickness of only 1.5{\mu}m, much smaller than conventional devices. We achieve the pixel size of1.14 {\mu}m corresponding to the image resolution of 877 lp/mm, which is 30times larger comparing to the presently available commercial SLM devices. Highresolution and viewing angle of the metasurface-based SLMs opens up a new pathto the next generation of near-eye AR and 3D holographic display technologies.

Phase-only transmissive spatial light modulator based on tunable dielectric metasurface