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Surface plasma waves are collective oscillations of electrons that propagatealong a metal-dielectric interface. In the last ten years, several groups havereproduced fundamental quantum optics experiments with surface plasmons.Observation of single-plasmon states, waveparticle duality, preservation ofentanglement of photons in plasmon-assisted transmission, and more recently,two-plasmon interference have been reported. While losses are detrimental forthe observation of squeezed states, they can be seen as a new degree of freedomin the design of plasmonic devices, thus revealing new quantum interferencescenarios. Here we report the observation of two-plasmon quantum interferencebetween two freely-propagating, non-guided SPPs interfering on lossy plasmonicbeamsplitters. As discussed in the article "Quantum optics of lossy beamsplitters" by Barnett et al. (Phys. Rev. A 57, 2134 (1998)) , the presence oflosses (scattering or absorption) relaxes constraints on the reflection andtransmission factors of the beamsplitter, allowing the control of theirrelative phase. By using this degree of freedom, we are able to observe eithercoalescence or anticoalescence of identical plasmons.

Coalescence and anti-coalescence of surface plasmons on a lossy beamsplitter