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Planets in the habitable zone of lower-mass stars are often assumed to be ina state of tidally synchronized rotation, which would considerably affect theirputative habitability. Although thermal tides cause Venus to rotateretrogradely, simple scaling arguments tend to attribute this peculiarity tothe massive Venusian atmosphere. Using a global climate model, we show thateven a relatively thin atmosphere can drive terrestrial planets' rotation awayfrom synchronicity. We derive a more realistic atmospheric tide model thatpredicts four asynchronous equilibrium spin states, two being stable, when theamplitude of the thermal tide exceeds a threshold that is met for habitableEarth-like planets with a 1-bar atmosphere around stars more massive than0.5-0.7Msun. Thus, many recently discovered terrestrial planets could exhibitasynchronous spin-orbit rotation, even with a thin atmosphere.

Asynchronous rotation of Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of lower-mass stars