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Engineering synthetic materials that mimic the remarkable complexity ofliving organisms is a fundamental challenge in science and technology. We studythe spatiotemporal patterns that emerge when an active nematicfilm ofmicrotubules and molecular motors is encapsulated within a shape-changing lipidvesicle. Unlike in equilibrium systems, where defects are largely staticstructures, in active nematics defects move spontaneously and can be describedas self-propelled particles. The combination of activity, topologicalconstraints and vesicle deformability produces a myriad of dynamical states. Wehighlight two dynamical modes: a tunable periodic state that oscillates betweentwo defect configurations, and shape-changing vesicles with streamingfilopodia-like protrusions. These results demonstrate how biomimetic materialscan be obtained when topological constraints are used to control thenon-equilibrium dynamics of active matter.

Topology and Dynamics of Active Nematic Vesicles