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An accurate pressure scale is a fundamental requirement to understandplanetary interiors. Here, we establish a primary pressure scale extending tothe multi-megabar pressures of the Earth's core, by combined measurement of theacoustic velocities and the density from a rhenium sample in a diamond anvilcell using inelastic x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction. Our scale agreeswell with previous primary scales and shock Hugoniots in each experimentalpressure range, and reveals that previous scales have overestimated laboratorypressures by at least 20% at 230 gigapascals. It suggests that the lightelement content in the Earth's inner core (the density deficit relative toiron) is likely to be double what was previously estimated, or the Earth'sinner core temperature is much higher than expected, or some combinationthereof.

Density deficit of the Earth's core revealed by a multi-megabar primary pressure scale