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Galaxy clusters are filled with hot, diffuse X-ray emitting plasma, with astochastically tangled magnetic field whose energy is close to equipartitionwith the energy of the turbulent motions \cite{zweibel1997, Vacca}. In thecluster cores, the temperatures remain anomalously high compared to what mightbe expected considering that the radiative cooling time is short relative tothe Hubble time \cite{cowie1977,fabian1994}. While feedback from the centralactive galactic nuclei (AGN) \cite{fabian2012,birzan2012,churazov2000} isbelieved to provide most of the heating, there has been a long debate as towhether conduction of heat from the bulk to the core can help the core to reachthe observed temperatures \cite{narayan2001,ruszkowski2002,kunz2011}, given thepresence of tangled magnetic fields. Interestingly, evidence of very sharptemperature gradients in structures like cold fronts implies a high degree ofsuppression of thermal conduction \cite{markevitch2007}. To address the problemof thermal conduction in a magnetized and turbulent plasma, we have created areplica of such a system in a laser laboratory experiment. Our data show areduction of local heat transport by two orders of magnitude or more, leadingto strong temperature variations on small spatial scales, as is seen in clusterplasmas \cite{markevitch2003}.

Strong suppression of heat conduction in a laboratory replica of galaxy-cluster turbulent plasmas