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The critical properties of functional materials and nanoscale devices oftenoriginate from the coexistence of different thermodynamic phases and / oroxidization states, but sample makeup is seldom completely known a priori.Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) provides the spatial resolution needed toobserve nanoscale coexistence while returning the full amplitude and phaseinformation of an object, but to date lacks the spectral information necessaryfor composition identification. Here we demonstrate CDI spectroscopy (CDIS),acquiring images of the prototypical quantum material vanadium oxide across thevanadium L2,3 and oxygen K X-ray absorption edges with nanometer scaleresolution. Using the hyperspectral X-ray image we show coexistence of multipleoxidization states and phases in a single sample and extract the full complexrefractive index of V2O5 and the monoclinic insulating and rutile conductingphases of VO2. These results constrain the role of hidden phases in theinsulator-to-metal transition in VO2.

Mapping nanoscale charge states and phase domains with quantitative hyperspectral coherent diffractive imaging spectroscopy