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Radiative and mechanical feedback of massive stars regulates star formationand galaxy evolution. Positive feedback triggers the creation of new stars bycollecting dense shells of gas, while negative feedback disrupts star formationby shredding molecular clouds. Although key to understanding star formation,their relative importance is unknown. Here, we report velocity-resolvedobservations from the SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy)legacy program FEEDBACK of the massive star-forming region RCW 120 in the [CII]1.9-THz fine-structure line, revealing a gas shell expanding at 15 km/s.Complementary APEX (Atacama Pathfinder Experiment) CO J=3-2 345-GHzobservations exhibit a ring structure of molecular gas, fragmented into clumpsthat are actively forming stars. Our observations demonstrate that triggeredstar formation can occur on much shorter time scales than hitherto thought(<0.15 million years), suggesting that positive feedback operates on short timeperiods.

Stellar feedback and triggered star formation in the prototypical bubble RCW 120