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Early processing of visual information takes place in the human retina.Mimicking neurobiological structures and functionalities of the retina providea promising pathway to achieving vision sensor with highly efficient imageprocessing. Here, we demonstrate a prototype vision sensor that operates viathe gate-tunable positive and negative photoresponses of the van der Waals(vdW) vertical heterostructures. The sensor emulates not only theneurobiological functionalities of bipolar cells and photoreceptors but alsothe unique synaptic connectivity between bipolar cells and photoreceptors. Bytuning gate voltage for each pixel, we achieve reconfigurable vision sensor forsimultaneously image sensing and processing. Furthermore, our prototype visionsensor itself can be trained to classify the input images, via updating thegate voltages applied individually to each pixel in the sensor. Our workindicates that vdW vertical heterostructures offer a promising platform for thedevelopment of neural network vision sensor.

Gate-tunable van der Waals heterostructure for reconfigurable neural network vision sensor