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More than a decade after the first theoretical and experimental studies ofthe spin Hall conductivity (SHC) of Pt, both its dominant origin and amplituderemain in dispute. Resolving these questions is of fundamental importance foradvancing understanding of very strong spin-orbit effects in conducting systemsand for maximizing the spin Hall effect for energy-efficient spintronicsapplications. Here, we report the experimental determination of the rapidvariation of the intrinsic SHC of Pt with the carrier lifetime ({\tau}) in thedirty-metal regime by incorporating finely dispersed MgO inter-site impuritiesinto the Pt while maintaining the essential elements of its band structure(face-centered-cubic order). This findings conclusively validate thetheoretical prediction that the SHC in Pt in the dirty-metal regime should bedominated by the intrinsic Berry curvature contribution and should decreaserapidly with shortening {\tau}. This also establishes the limit to which thespin Hall ratio {\theta}SH of pure Pt can be increased by shortening {\tau}.When the spin backflow at the Pt/ferromagnet interface due to the finiteinterfacial spin-mixing conductance is taken into account, the amplitude of theintrinsic SHC of Pt in the clean limit is found to be at least 1.6x10^6(h_bar/2e) {\Omega}-1 m-1, more than 3.5 times greater than the availabletheoretical predictions. Our work also establishes a compelling spin Hall metalPt0.6(MgO)0.4 that combines a giant {\theta}SH (0.73) with a moderateresistivity (74 {\mu}{\Omega} cm), a strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction,easy growth, and good integration compatibility for spintronics technology.

Intrinsic nature of the giant spin Hall conductivity of Pt