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Across mammalian species, solute exchange takes place in complexmicrovascular networks. In the human placenta, the primary exchange units areterminal villi that contain disordered networks of fetal capillaries and aresurrounded externally by maternal blood. Here we show how the irregularinternal structure of a terminal villus determines its exchange capacity for awide range of solutes. Distilling geometric features into three scalarparameters, obtained from image analysis and computational fluid dynamics, wecapture archetypal features of the the structure-function relationship ofterminal villi using a simple algebraic approximation, revealing transitionsbetween flow- and diffusion-limited transport at vessel and network levels. Ourtheory accommodates countercurrent effects, incorporates nonlinear bloodrheology and offers an efficient method for testing network robustness. Ourresults show how physical estimates of solute transport, based on carefullydefined geometrical statistics, provide a viable method for linking placentalstructure and function, and offer a framework for assessing transport in othermicrovascular systems.

Physical and geometric determinants of transport in feto-placental microvascular networks