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The impact of non-magnetic and magnetic impurities on topological insulatorsis a central problem concerning their fundamental physics and possible novelspintronics and quantum computing applications. SmB$_6$, predicted to be atopological Kondo insulator, is considered a benchmark material. Using aspin-polarized tip in scanning tunneling spectroscopy destroys the signaturepeak of the topological surface state, revealing its spin texture. Further,combining local STS with macroscopic transport measurements on SmB$_6$containing different substitutions enables us to investigate the effect ofimpurities. The surface states around impurities are locally suppressed withdifferent length scales depending on their magnetic properties and, forsufficiently high impurity level, globally destroyed. Our study points directlyto the topological nature of SmB$_6$, and unveils, microscopically andmacroscopically, how impurities -- magnetic or non-magnetic -- affecttopological surface states.

Magnetic and defect probes of the SmB$_6$ surface state