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Transforming a laser beam into a mass flow has been a challenge bothscientifically and technologically. Here we report the discovery of a newoptofluidics principle and demonstrate the generation of a steady-state waterflow by a pulsed laser beam through a glass window. In order to generate a flowor stream in the same path as the refracted laser beam in pure water from anarbitrary spot on the window, we first fill a glass cuvette with an aqueoussolution of Au nanoparticles. A flow will emerge from the focused laser spot onthe window after the laser is turned on for a few to tens of minutes, the flowremains after the colloidal solution is completely replaced by pure water.Microscopically, this transformation is made possible by an underlyingplasmonic nanoparticle-decorated cavity which is self-fabricated on the glassby nanoparticle-assisted laser etching and exhibits size and shape uniquelytailored to the incident beam profile. Hydrophone signals indicate that theflow is driven via acoustic streaming by a long-lasting ultrasound wave that isresonantly generated by the laser and the cavity through the photoacousticeffect. The principle of this light-driven flow via ultrasound, i.e.photoacoustic streaming by coupling photoacoustics to acoustic streaming, isgeneral and can be applied to any liquids, opening up new research andapplications in optofluidics as well as traditional photoacoustics and acousticstreaming.

Laser Streaming: Turning a Laser Beam into a Flow of Liquid