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Topological insulators (TIs) host novel states of quantum matter,distinguished from trivial insulators by the presence of nontrivial conductingboundary states connecting the valence and conduction bulk bands. Up to date,all the TIs discovered experimentally rely on the presence of either timereversal or symmorphic mirror symmetry to protect massless Dirac-like boundarystates. Very recently, it has been theoretically proposed that severalmaterials are a new type of TIs protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry, whereglide-mirror can protect novel exotic surface fermions with hourglass-shapeddispersion. However, an experimental confirmation of such new nonsymmorphic TI(NSTI) is still missing. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, wereveal that such hourglass topology exists on the (010) surface of crystallineKHgSb while the (001) surface has no boundary state, which is fully consistentwith first-principles calculations. We thus experimentally demonstrate thatKHgSb is a NSTI hosting hourglass fermions. By expanding the classification oftopological insulators, this discovery opens a new direction in the research ofnonsymmorphic topological properties of materials.

Experimental Discovery of the First Nonsymmorphic Topological Insulator KHgSb