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Photons carry linear momentum, and spin angular momentum when circularly orelliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linearmomentum leads to optical forces, while angular momentum transfer inducesoptical torque. Optical forces including radiation pressure and gradient forceshave long been utilized in optical tweezers and laser cooling. In nanophotonicdevices optical forces can be significantly enhanced, leading to unprecedentedoptomechanical effects in both classical and quantum regimes. In contrast, todate, the angular momentum of light and the optical torque effect remainunexplored in integrated photonics. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of thespin angular momentum of photons propagating in a birefringent waveguide andthe use of optical torque to actuate rotational motion of an optomechanicaldevice. We show that the sign and magnitude of the optical torque aredetermined by the photon polarization states that are synthesized on the chip.Our study reveals the mechanical effect of photon's polarization degree offreedom and demonstrates its control in integrated photonic devices. Exploitingoptical torque and optomechanical interaction with photon angular momentum canlead to torsional cavity optomechanics and optomechanical photon spin-orbitcoupling, as well as applications such as optomechanical gyroscope andtorsional magnetometry.

Optomechanical measurement of photon spin angular momentum and optical torque in integrated photonic devices