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Ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification involved in nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Here, we demonstrated that Trim13, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is up-regulated in macrophages upon stimulation with TLR2 ligand. Knockdown of Trim13 attenuated TLR2-mediated production of cytokines/chemokines and formation of foam cells as well as activation of NF- κ B. Trim13 interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and potentiates NF- κ B activity via ubiquitination of TRAF6. Overexpression of inactive mutant (C10/13A) or really interesting new gene (RING) deletion mutant of Trim13 did not potentiate ubiquitination of TRAF6 or activation of NF- κ B. These results suggest that the effects of Trim13 are dependent on its E3 ligase activity. Trim13 used K29-linked polyubiquitin chains for TRAF6 ubiquitination to promote NF- κ B activity and thus potentiated activation of TLR2-mediated immune responses. Our data identify Trim13 as a positive regulator of NF- κ B activation and suggest that K29-linked polyubiquitination is a specific ubiquitin-linked pattern involved in the control of TLR2 signaling.

molecular pharmacology

Trim13 Potentiates Toll-Like Receptor 2–Mediated Nuclear Factor <i>κ</i>B Activation via K29-Linked Polyubiquitination of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6

Trim13 Potentiates Toll-Like Receptor 2–Mediated Nuclear Factor κB Activation via K29-Linked Polyubiquitination of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6