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Clearance (CL) prediction remains a significant challenge in drug discovery, especially when complex processes such as drug transporters are involved. The present work explores various in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) approaches to predict hepatic CL driven by uptake transporters in rat. Broadly, two different IVIVE methods using suspended rat hepatocytes were compared: initial uptake CL (PS u,inf ) and intrinsic metabolic CL (CL int,met ) corrected by unbound hepatocytes to medium partition coefficient (Kp uu ). Kp uu was determined by temperature method (Temp Kp uu,ss ), homogenization method (Hom Kp uu,ss ), and initial rate method (Kp uu,V0 ). In addition, the impact of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on each of these methods was investigated. Twelve compounds, which are known substrates of organic anion-transporting polypeptides representing diverse chemical matter, were selected for these studies. As expected, CL int,met alone significantly underestimated hepatic CL for all the test compounds. Overall, predicted hepatic CL using PS u,inf with BSA, Hom Kp uu,ss with BSA, and Temp Kp uu,ss showed the most robust correlation with in vivo rat hepatic CL. Adding BSA improved hepatic CL prediction for selected compounds when using the PS u,inf and Hom Kp uu,ss methods, with minimal impact on the Temp Kp uu,ss and Kp uu,V0 methods. None of the IVIVE approaches required an empirical scaling factor. These results suggest that supplementing rat hepatocyte suspension with BSA may be essential in drug discovery research for novel chemical matters to improve CL prediction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current investigation demonstrates that hepatocyte uptake assay supplemented with 4% bovine serum albumin is a valuable tool for estimating unbound hepatic uptake clearance (CL) and Kp uu . Based upon the extended clearance concept, direct extrapolation from these in vitro parameters significantly improved the overall hepatic CL prediction for organic anion-transporting polypeptide substrates in rat. This study provides a practical in vitro to in vivo extrapolation strategy for predicting transporter-mediated hepatic CL in early drug discovery.

drug metabolism and disposition/dmd online

Comparison of In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation Approaches for Predicting Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Uptake Clearance Using Suspended Rat Hepatocytes