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Six commercial substances, known for its immunostimulatory effects in several fish species, were evaluated for their ability to enhance innate immune response and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese flounder. Each substance (α-tocopherol, astaxanthin, β-glucan, DL-arginine, L-ascorbic acid or peptidoglycan) was mixed with a practical diet and fed daily for three weeks to duplicate fish groups. Growth, hematology, humoral (lysozyme) and cellular (chemotaxis, phagocytic and respiratory burst) activities were examined after one, two and three weeks. Oral administration of these substances did not affect growth or fish health status but caused enhancement in bacterial lytic and phagocytic responses. After one and two weeks, arginine and astaxanthin groups, respectively, showed some significant enhanced immune responses. However, by the end of the third week, only peptidoglycan-treated fish showed significantly higher level of lysozyme and leucocytes activities. After three weeks of dietary treatment with immunostimulants, the fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with E. tarda, where peptidoglycan and α-tocopherol-treated fish demonstrated significantly increased survival rate. Peptidoglycan appears to enhance resistance against infection in Japanese flounder with increased lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Alfa-tocopherol seems to have induced protection by enhancing some other resistant mechanisms than those measured in this study.

aquaculture science (japan)

Effect of dietary immunostimulants on some innate immune responses and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)