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Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs) are clinically used as anobjective way to infer whether cochlear functions are normal. However, becausethe sound pressure level of CEOAEs is typically much lower than the backgroundnoise, it usually takes hundreds, if not thousands of repetitions to estimatethe signal with sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we propose to improve thesignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of CEOAE signals within limited measurement time byoptimal shrinkage (OS) in two different settings: the covariance-based OS (cOS)and the singular value decomposition (SVD)-based OS (sOS). By simulation andanalyzing human CEOAE data, the cOS consistently reduced the noise and enhancedthe SNR by 1 to 2 dB from a baseline method (BM) that is based on calculatingthe median. The sOS achieved an SNR enhancement of 2 to 3 dB in simulation, anddemonstrated capability to enhance the SNR in real recordings when the SNRachieved by the BM was below 0 dB. An appealing property of OS is that itproduces an estimate of every individual column of the signal matrix. Thisproperty makes it possible to investigate CEOAE dynamics across a longer periodof time when the cochlear conditions are not strictly stationary.

Denoising Click-evoked Otoacoustic Emission Signals by Optimal Shrinkage