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International audienceFor many years the vocal tract shape has been approximated by one-dimensional (1D) areafunctions to study the production of voice. More recently three-dimensional (3D) approachesallow one to deal with the complex 3D vocal tract, although area-based 3D geometries ofcircular cross-section are still in use. However, little is known on the influence of performingsuch a simplification, and some alternatives may exist between these two extreme options. Tothis aim, several vocal tract geometry simplifications for vowels [A], [i] and [u] are investigatedin this work. Six cases are considered, consisting of realistic, elliptical and circular cross-sections interpolated through a bent or straight midline. For frequencies below 4−5 kHz, theinfluence of bending and cross-sectional shape has been found weak, while above that valuesimplified bent vocal tracts with realistic cross-sections are necessary to correctly emulatehigher-order mode propagation. To perform this study the Finite Element Method (FEM)has been used. FEM results have also been compared to a 3D multimodal method and to aclassical 1D frequency domain model

Influence of vocal tract geometry simplifications on the numerical simulation of vowel sounds