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Now that fundamental quantum principles of indeterminacy and measurement havebecome the basis of new technologies that provide secrecy between twocommunicating parties, there is a need to provide teaching laboratories thatillustrate how these technologies work. In this article we describe alaboratory exercise in which students perform quantum key distribution withsingle photons, and see how the secrecy of the communication is ensured by theprinciples of quantum superposition and state projection. We used a table-topapparatus, similar to those used in correlated-photon undergraduatelaboratories, to implement the Bennett-Brassard-84 protocol withpolarization-entangled photons. Our experiment shows how the communicationbetween two parties is disrupted by an eavesdropper. We use a simple quartzplate to mimic how an eavesdropper intercepts, measures, and resends thephotons used in the communication, and we analyze the state of the light toshow how the eavesdropper changes it.

A Demonstration of Quantum Key Distribution with Entangled Photons for the Undergraduate Laboratory