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We use videos taken with a mobile phone to study conservation of energy,conservation of momentum, and the work-energy theorem by analyzing thecollision of a cue ball and the eight ball. A video of the full time sequence,starting from before the cue ball is struck until well after the collision, isrecorded with a mobile phone. The video is imported into Origin (free toteachers and students taking a class) [OriginLab Corporation, Origin, Version2020 (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA, 2020)], where thecoordinates of the balls are digitized frame-by-frame using the free VideoExtractor app. From these data, the velocities are determined as a function oftime and used to determine the energy and momentum of each ball. The datasuggest that the balls slip through part of their motion when rotating at anangular velocity different than the rolling angular velocity, so angularmomentum and frictional torque must be considered. Such experiments require nospecialized equipment other than a device to take a video, and the act ofdigitizing the data provides the student with visual reinforcement of thephysics. Experimentation by students outside of campus can be fun for them andprovides a useful alternative to classes when in-lab experiments are notpractical. Use of a mobile phone in this way is generally applicable to anyother mechanical phenomena that involve motion.

Collecting data with a mobile phone: Studies of mechanical laws such as energy and momentum conservation