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Classical density functional theory (DFT) is a statistical mechanical theoryfor calculating the density profiles of the molecules in a liquid. It is widelyused, for example. to calculate the density distribution of the molecules inthe vicinity of a confining wall, the interfacial tension, the wettingbehaviour and many other properties of nonuniform liquids. DFT can however besomewhat daunting to students entering the field, because of the manyconnections to other areas of liquid-state science that are required and usedto develop the theories. Here we give an introduction to some of the key ideas,based on a lattice-gas (Ising) model fluid. This builds on knowledge covered inmost undergraduate statistical mechanics and thermodynamics courses and sostudents can quickly get to the stage of calculating density profiles, etc forthemselves. We derive a simple DFT for the lattice-gas and present some typicalresults that can readily be calculated using the theory.

An Introduction to Microscopic Theories for Inhomogeneous Liquids: Getting Started with Density Functional Theory