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This report is based on data obtained during ecological field survey on a fishing community of the Arakawa district of Ishigaki City, Okinawa. The fishing activities of the Arakawa fishermen who use small diesel-powered boats are found to be spatially and temporally structured on the basis of the arrangement of technical devices, and correspond to the biotic and abiotic cyclic changes of the environment. Activity fields are horizontally and vertically divided into six zones mainly on the basis of topographical and oceanographical characteristics. The formation of several activity groups, defined as groups of persons who share the same activity fields, changes seasonally in relation to seasonal changes of the environment, while age plays a major role in the system. It is determined that a tendency to allocate fishing activities according to age exists in any of the activity groups, and more strenuous work, such as swimming and diving as well as fishing far of the shore, are assigned as tasks of younger members. This tendency is more pronounced when natural conditions are more severe. This results in differentiation by age of activity fields as a whole, each age class having its own annual activity field pattern. The less than 20, 30s, and the 50s age classes show typical probationer patterns, most active patterns, and elderly mature role patterns, respectively.

The structure of the fishing activity system and division of labor according to age in a local fishing community of Okinawa.