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In understanding the risk factors for job-related diseases, the stressand-strain concept may be of great heuristic value. Thus the magnitude of the effects of nightand shiftwork on any individual will be influenced by a number of `intervening variables' acting separately or in combination. In this paper, the effects of shiftwork on well-being and disease are considered. The lowering of well-being can be seen particularly in sleeping behaviour, eating habits, and gastrointestinal complaints. The danger to health is discussed with respect to mortality, gastrointestinal diseases, and other diseases. Occupational health measures for nightand shiftworkers should include all the appropriate actions required to reduce the complaints of the workers, in order to prevent lowering of well-being and the occurrence of job-related diseases. Such measures should not be restricted only to those used in normal occupational health practice, but should also encompass activities outside the workplace such as pressing for the improvement of their social life in relation to shift systems based on physiological criteria.

Occupational health measures for night- and shiftworkers.