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Activity recognition and monitoring play important roles in smart home systems, which rely on perceiving and understanding inhabitants’ behavior to generate a response. Applications that require such pattern recognition include alarms to detect anomalies and personalized home automation systems (where automatic lighting, heating, or security are tailored to the habits of the inhabitants). To observe activity in an environment by the least intrusive means, we considered the use of ambient sensors, rather than cameras or wearables. Most existing work in this area focuses on environments with single inhabitants,1 or on laboratories or temporarily occupied spaces,2 and is conducted using high-density motion sensors.3 We aim to provide a solution that includes tools for tracking, recognizing, and monitoring the day-to-day activities of inhabitant(s), but which is also suitable for real-life settings, under a strict policy that we discuss and agree with the inhabitants. Our testbed was a 260m2 home in Carinthia, Austria, based on a framework similar to that of the Casa Vecchia project.4 A family of four inhabited the house: parents, aged 46 and 45, and two children, aged 10 and 13, and there were also regular visitors. Around the house we installed passive IR motion sensors, magnetic contacts for doors and cupboards, in-between switches, and window blind actuators (see Figure 1). All the devices (except the blind actuators) generated binary values (on/off, open/closed) when triggered by their interactions with the inhabitants. For privacy reasons, we were unable to use video cameras for observation, and for comfort and practicality we selected not to use identification devices (radio-frequency identification bracelets, for example). Therefore, to recognize and track movement by each person as they move around the space, we Figure 1. Left: Floor plan of the testbed house and sensor placements for the ambient sensor network. Right: Examples of the sensors: a motion sensor on the wall (top), a magnetic contact on a shower door (center), and an in-between switch for the TV (bottom).

Activity monitoring for multi-inhabitant smart homes