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Percutaneous cardiac interventions rely mainly on the experience of the cardiologist to safely navigate inside soft tissues vessels under X-ray angiography guidance. Additional navigation guidance tool might contribute to improve reliability and safety of percutaneous procedures. This study focus on major aorta-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) which are pediatric structures. We present a fully automatic intensity-based 3D/2D registration method that accurately maps pre-operatively acquired 3D tomographic vascular data of a newborn patient over intra-operatively acquired angiograms. The tomographic dataset 3D pose is evaluated by comparing the angiograms with simulated X-ray projections, computed from the pre-operative dataset with a proposed splatting-based projection technique. The rigid 3D pose is updated via a transformation matrix usually defined in respect of the C-Arm acquisition system reference frame, but it can also be defined in respect of the projection plane local reference frame. The optimization of the transformation is driven by two algorithms. First the hill climbing local search and secondly a proposed variant, the dense hill climbing. The latter makes the search space denser by considering the combinations of the registration parameters instead of neighboring solutions only. Although this study focused on the registration of pediatric structures, the same procedure could be applied for any cardiovascular structures involving CT-scan and X-ray angiography. Our preliminary results are promising that an accurate (3D TRE 0.265 ± 0.647mm) and robust (99% success rate) bi-planes registration of the aorta and MAPCAs from a initial displacement up to 20mm and 20° can be obtained within a reasonable amount of time (13.7 seconds).

Intensity-based 3D/2D registration for percutaneous intervention of major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries