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The birdwings butterfly Troides magellanus possesses interesting propertiesfor light and thermal radiation management. The black wings of the male exhibitstrong (98%) absorption of visible light as well as two strong absorption peaksin the infrared both due to chitin. These peaks are located in the spectralregion where the black body emits at 313K. The study of absorption enhancementin this butterfly could be helpful to design highly absorbent biomimeticmaterials. Observations of the wings using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)reveal that the scales covering the wings are deeply nanostructured. A periodicthree-dimensional (3D) model of the scale nanoarchitecture is elaborated andused for numerical transfer-matrix simulations of the absorption spectrum. Thecomplex refractive index of the wing material is approximated by amulti-oscillator Lorentz model, leading to a broad absorption in the visiblerange as well as two peaks in the infrared. The absorption peak intensitiesturn out to be dependent on the complexity of the nanostructures. This resultclearly demonstrates a structural effect on the absorption. Finally, acomparison with a planar layer of identical refractive index and materialvolume lead us to conclude that the absorption is enhanced by nanostructures.

Nanoarchitecture in the black wings of Troides magellanus: a natural case of absorption enhancement in photonic materials