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Optical fibre sensors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering have now clearly demonstrated their excellent capability for long-range distributed strain and temperature measurements. The fibre is used as sensing element and a value for temperature and/or strain can be obtained from any point along the fibre. While classical configurations have practically a spatial resolution limited by the phonon lifetime to 1 meter, novel approaches have been demonstrated these past years that can overcome this limit. This can be achieved either by the prior activation of the acoustic wave by a long lasting pre-pumping signal, leading to the optimized configuration using Brillouin echoes, or by probing a classically generated steady acoustic wave using a ultra-short pulse propagating in the orthogonal polarization of a highly birefringent fibre. These novel configurations can offer spatial resolutions in the centimetre range, while preserving the full accuracy on the determination of temperature and strain.

Recent progress towards centimetric spatial resolution in distributed fibre sensing