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The Simons Observatory (SO) is an upcoming experiment that will studytemperature and polarization fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background(CMB) from the Atacama Desert in Chile. SO will field both a large aperturetelescope (LAT) and an array of small aperture telescopes (SATs) that willobserve in six bands with center frequencies spanning from 27 to 270~GHz. Keyconsiderations during the SO design phase are vast, including the number ofcameras per telescope, focal plane magnification and pixel density, in-bandoptical power and camera throughput, detector parameter tolerances, and scanstrategy optimization. To inform the SO design in a rapid, organized, andtraceable manner, we have created a Python-based sensitivity calculator withseveral state-of-the-art features, including detector-to-detector opticalwhite-noise correlations, a handling of simulated and measured bandpasses, andpropagation of low-level parameter uncertainties to uncertainty in on-sky noiseperformance. We discuss the mathematics of the sensitivity calculation, thecalculator's object-oriented structure and key features, how it has informedthe design of SO, and how it can enhance instrument design in the broader CMBcommunity, particularly for CMB-S4.

BoloCalc: a sensitivity calculator for the design of Simons Observatory