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We characterize a near-infrared C-RED ONE camera from First Light Imaging(FLI). This camera uses a SAPHIRA electron avalanche photo-diode array (e-APD)from Leonardo (previously Selex). To do so, we developed a model of the signaldistribution. This model allows a measurement of the gain and the Excess NoiseFactor (ENF) independently of preexisting calibration such as the system gain.The results of this study show a gain which is 0.53 +/- 0.04 times the gainreported by the manufacturer. The measured ENF is 1.47 +/- 0.03 when weexpected 1.25. For an avalanche gain of 60 and a frame rate larger than 100 Hz,the total noise can be lower than 1 e-/frame/pixel. The lowest dark currentlevel is 90e-/s/pixel, in agreement with the expected H-band background passingthrough the camera window. These performance values provide a significantimprovement compared to earlier-generation PICNIC camera and allowed us toimprove the performance of the Michigan infrared combiner (MIRC) instrument atthe Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA), as part of our MIRC-Xinstrumentation project.

Astronomical interferometry with near-IR e-APD at CHARA: characterization, optimization and on-sky operation