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The human eye contains millions of rod photoreceptor cells, and each one is asingle-photon detector. Whether people can actually see a single photon, whichrequires the rod signal to propagate through the rest of the noisy visualsystem and be perceived in the brain, has been the subject of research fornearly 100 years. Early experiments hinted that people could see just a fewphotons, but classical light sources are poor tools for answering thesequestions. Single-photon sources have opened up a new area of vision research,providing the best evidence yet that humans can indeed see single photons, andcould even be used to test quantum effects through the visual system. Wediscuss our program to study the lower limits of human vision with a heraldedsingle-photon source based on spontaneous parametric downconversion, andpresent two proposed experiments to explore quantum effects through the visualsystem: testing the perception of superposition states, and using a humanobserver as a detector in a Bell test.

Testing the limits of human vision with quantum states of light: past, present, and future experiments