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MATISSE is the second-generation mid-infrared spectrograph and imager for theVery Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at Paranal. This new interferometricinstrument will allow significant advances by opening new avenues in variousfundamental research fields: studying the planet-forming region of disks aroundyoung stellar objects, understanding the surface structures and mass lossphenomena affecting evolved stars, and probing the environments of black holesin active galactic nuclei. As a first breakthrough, MATISSE will enlarge thespectral domain of current optical interferometers by offering the L and Mbands in addition to the N band. This will open a wide wavelength domain,ranging from 2.8 to 13 um, exploring angular scales as small as 3 mas (L band)/ 10 mas (N band). As a second breakthrough, MATISSE will allow mid-infraredimaging - closure-phase aperture-synthesis imaging - with up to four UnitTelescopes (UT) or Auxiliary Telescopes (AT) of the VLTI. Moreover, MATISSEwill offer a spectral resolution range from R ~ 30 to R ~ 5000. Here, wepresent one of the main science objectives, the study of protoplanetary disks,that has driven the instrument design and motivated several VLTI upgrades(GRA4MAT and NAOMI). We introduce the physical concept of MATISSE including adescription of the signal on the detectors and an evaluation of the expectedperformances. We also discuss the current status of the MATISSE instrument,which is entering its testing phase, and the foreseen schedule for the next twoyears that will lead to the first light at Paranal.

An overview of the mid-infrared spectro-interferometer MATISSE: science, concept, and current status