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We describe the development of an ambient-temperature continuously-rotatinghalf-wave plate (HWP) for study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)polarization by the POLARBEAR-2 (PB2) experiment. Rapid polarization modulationsuppresses 1/f noise due to unpolarized atmospheric turbulence and improvessensitivity to degree-angular-scale CMB fluctuations where the inflationarygravitational wave signal is thought to exist. A HWP modulator rotates theinput polarization signal and therefore allows a single polarimeter to measureboth linear polarization states, eliminating systematic errors associated withdifferencing of orthogonal detectors. PB2 projects a 365-mm-diameter focalplane of 7,588 dichroic, 95/150 GHz transition-edge-sensor bolometers onto a4-degree field of view that scans the sky at $\sim$ 1 degree per second. Wefind that a 500-mm-diameter ambient-temperature sapphire achromatic HWProtating at 2 Hz is a suitable polarization modulator for PB2. We present thedesign considerations for the PB2 HWP, the construction of the HWP opticalstack and rotation mechanism, and the performance of the fully-assembled HWPinstrument. We conclude with a discussion of HWP polarization modulation forfuture Simons Array receivers.

proceedings of spie, the international society for optical engineering/proceedings of spie

Design and development of an ambient-temperature continuously-rotating  achromatic half-wave plate for CMB polarization modulation on the POLARBEAR-2  experiment