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Bose-Einstein condensation has in the last two decades been observed in coldatomic gases and in solid-state physics quasiparticles, exciton-polaritons andmagnons, respectively. The perhaps most widely known example of a bosonic gas,photons in blackbody radiation, however exhibits no Bose-Einstein condensation,because the particle number is not conserved and at low temperatures thephotons disappear in the system's walls instead of massively occupying thecavity ground mode. This is not the case in a small optical cavity, with alow-frequency cutoff imprinting a spectrum of photon energies restricted tovalues well above the thermal energy. The here reported experiments are basedon a microscopic optical cavity filled with dye solution at room temperature.Recent experiments of our group observing Bose-Einstein condensation of photonsin such a setup are described. Moreover, we discuss some possible applicationsof photon condensates to realize quantum manybody states in periodic photoniclattices and photonic Josephson devices.

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons in a Microscopic Optical Resonator: Towards Photonic Lattices and Coupled Cavities