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. High voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are composed of at least three subunits, one pore forming α1-subunit, an intracellular β-variant, and a mostly extracellular α2δ-variant. Interactions between these subunits determine the kinetic properties of VGCCs. It is unclear whether these interactions are stable over time or rather transient. Here, we used single-molecule tracking to investigate the surface diffusion of α1- and α2δ1-subunits at the cell surface. We found that α2δ1-subunits show higher surface mobility than α1-subunits, and that they are only transiently confined together, suggesting a weak association between α1- and α2δ1-subunits. Moreover, we observed that different α1-subunits engage in different degrees of association with the α2δ1-subunit, revealing the tighter interaction of α2δ1 with CaV1.2>CaV2.2>CaV2.1>CaV3.2. These data indicate a distinct regulation of the α1/α2δ1 interaction in VGCC subtypes. We modeled their membrane dynamics in a Monte Carlo simulation using experimentally determined diffusion constants. Our modeling predicts that the ratio of associated α1- and α2δ1-subunits mainly depends on their expression density and confinement in the membrane. Based on the different motilities of particular α1/α2δ1-subunit combinations, we propose that their dynamic assembly and disassembly represent an important mechanism to regulate the signaling properties of VGCC.

Dynamic association of calcium channel subunits at the cellular membrane