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The optimal orientations are determined for polarized substrate sideillumination of three superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD)designs: (1) periodic niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes standing in air withdimensions according to conventional SNSPDs, (2) same NbN patterns below~quarter-wavelength hydrogensilsesquioxane-filled nano-cavity, (3) analogousNbN patterns in HSQ nano-cavity closed by a thin gold reflector. Numericalcomputation results have shown that the optical response and near-fielddistribution vary significantly with polar-angle, fi, and these variations areanalogous across all azimuthal-angles, gamma, but are fundamentally differentin various device designs. Larger absorptance is available due to p-polarizedillumination of NbN patterns in P-structure configuration, while s-polarizedillumination results in higher absorptance in S-structure arrangement. As aresult of p-polarized illumination a global maximum appears on absorptance ofbare NbN pattern at polar angle corresponding to NbN-related ATIR; integrationwith HSQ nano-cavity results in a global absorptance maximum at polar anglecorresponding to TIR at sapphire-air interface; while the highest absorptanceis observable at perpendicular incidence on P-structures aligned below goldreflector covered HSQ nano-cavity. S-polarized light illumination results in aglobal absorptance maximum at TIR on bare NbN patterns; the highest absorptanceis available below HSQ nano-cavity at polar angle corresponding to ATIRphenomenon; while the benefit of gold reflector is large and polar angleindependent absorptance.

Optimized polar-azimuthal orientations for polarized light illumination of different Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector designs