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Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a promising medical imaging modality providingthe spatial resolution of ultrasound (US) imaging and the contrast of pureoptical imaging. For linear-array PAI, a beamformer has to be used as thereconstruction algorithm. Delay-and-sum (DAS) is the most prevalent beamformingalgorithm in PAI. However, using DAS beamformer leads to low resolution imagesalong with significant effects of the off-axis signals. Coherence factor (CF)is a weighting method in which each pixel of the reconstructed image isweighted, based on the spatial spectrum of the aperture, to improve thecontrast. In this paper, it has been shown that the numerator of the formula ofCF contains a DAS algebra, and it was proposed to use thedelay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) beamformer instead of the available DAS on thenumerator. The proposed weighting technique, modified CF (MCF), has beenevaluated numerically and experimentally compared to CF, and it was shown thatMCF leads to lower sidelobes and better detectable targets. The quantitativeresults of the experiment (using wire targets) show that MCF leads to for about45% and 40% improvement, in comparison with CF, in the terms of signal-to-noiseratio and full-width-half-maximum, respectively.

Enhanced Linear-array Photoacoustic Beamforming using Modified Coherence Factor