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Ground-based direct imaging surveys like the Gemini Planet Imager ExoplanetSurvey (GPIES) rely on Adaptive Optics (AO) systems to image and characterizeexoplanets that are up to a million times fainter than their host stars. Onefactor that can reduce AO performance is turbulence induced by temperaturedifferences in the instrument's immediate surroundings (e.g.: "dome seeing" or"mirror seeing"). In this analysis we use science observations, AO telemetry,and environmental data from September 2014 to February 2017 of the GPIEScampaign to quantify the effects of "mirror seeing" on the performance of theGPI instrument. We show that GPI performance is optimal when the primary mirror(M1) is in equilibrium with the outside air temperature. We then examine thecharacteristics of mirror seeing by calculating the power spectral densities(PSD) of spatial and temporal Fourier modes. Inside the inertial range of thePSDs, we find that the spatial PSD amplitude increases when M1 is out ofequilibrium and that the integrated turbulence may exhibit deviations fromKolmogorov atmospheric turbulence models and from the 1-layer frozen flowmodel. We conclude with an assessment of the current temperature control andventilation strategy at Gemini South.

Effects of Mirror Seeing on High-Contrast Adaptive Optics Instruments