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We demonstrate a novel architecture for Adaptive Optics (AO) control based onFPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), making active use of their configurableparallel processing capability. SPARC's unique capabilities are demonstratedthrough an implementation on an off-the-shelf inexpensive Xilinx VC-709development board. The architecture makes SPARC a generic and powerfulReal-time Control (RTC) kernel for a broad spectrum of AO scenarios. SPARC isscalable across different numbers of subapertures and pixels per subaperture.The overall concept, objectives, architecture, validation and results fromsimulation as well as hardware tests are presented here. For Shack-Hartmannwavefront sensors, the total AO reconstruction time ranges from a median of39.4us (11x11 subapertures) to 1.283 ms (50x50 subapertures) on the developmentboard. For large wavefront sensors, the latency is dominated by access time (~1ms) of the standard DDR memory available on the board. This paper is dividedinto two parts. Part 1 is targeted at astronomers interested in the capabilityof the current hardware. Part 2 explains the FPGA implementation of thewavefront processing unit, the reconstruction algorithm and the hardwareinterfaces of the platform. Part 2 mainly targets the embedded developersinterested in the hardware implementation of SPARC.

Scalable Platform for Adaptive optics Real-time Control (SPARC) Part 1: Concept, Architecture and Validation