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[[abstract]]By using a novel temporal characterization technique, we determined that a threshold average laser power of 160 mW is required to drill through a 0.75-mm-thick cortical bone for a Nd: YVO4 mode-locked laser oscillator with a peak intensity of 1.3 GW/cm(2). The ablation mechanism is identified as average-power induced carbonization followed by peak-power induced avalanche ionization in the carbonized osseous tissue. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.[[fileno]]2030114010049[[department]]電機工程學

Average-power mediated ultrafast laser osteotomy using a mode-locked Nd:YVO[sub 4] laser oscillator