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In this review, we study how a hybrid optomechanical system (OMS), in which aquantum micro- or nano-mechanical oscillator (MO) is coupled to theelectromagnetic (EM) radiation pressure, consisting of an ensemble of ultracoldatoms or an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), can be used as an ultraprecision quantum sensor for measuring very weak signals. As is well-known inany precise quantum measurement the competition between the shot noise (SN) andthe backaction noise of measurement executes a limitation on the measurementprecision which is the so-called standard quantum limit (SQL). In the casewhere the intensity of the signal is even lower than the SQL, one needs toperform an ultra precision quantum sensing to beat the SQL. For this purpose,we review three important methods for surpassing the SQL in a hybrid OMS: (i)the backaction evading measurement of a quantum nondemolition (QND) variable ofthe system, (ii) the coherent quantum backaction noise cancellation (CQNC), and(iii) the so-called parametric sensing, the simultaneous signal amplificationand added noise suppression below the SQL. Furthermore, we have shown in thisarticle for the first time how the classical fluctuation of the driving laserphase, the so-called laser phase noise (LPN), affects the power spectrum of theoutput optical field in a standard OMS and induces an additional impressionnoise which makes the total system noise increase above the SQL. Also, for thefirst time in this review it has been shown that in the standard OMSs, it isimpossible to amplify signal while suppressing the noise below the SQLsimultaneously.

avs quantum science

Ultra-precision quantum sensing and measurement based on nonlinear  hybrid optomechanical systems containing ultracold atoms or atomic  Bose-Einstein condensate