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Chemical cleaning, vacuum firing, glow discharge cleaning, and in situ bakeout have become standard practice for lowering the outgassing rate and removing surface contaminants in the ultrahigh vacuum systems of particle accelerators and storage rings. This paper presents the work done with the thermal outgassing of several long stainless‐steel (304LN and 316L) beam chambers with areas of more than 1×104 cm2 . They were measured between 20 and 500 °C after vacuum firing, glow discharge cleaning, or reactive gas (nitric oxide) cleaning. Outgassing rates of low 10−13 and low 10−14 Torr  1/s cm2 were achieved for H2 and CO, respectively, with vacuum firing alone. The outgassing of H2 in this temperature range is consistent with that due to bulk diffusion with an enthalpy of 9±1 kcal/mole. The photon stimulated desorption of the chamber surface after the above treatments were also studied by exposure to an intense photon beam at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The effectiveness and merits of reactive ga...

Outgassing and desorption of the stainless‐steel beam tubes after different degassing treatments