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The purposes of this research were to evaluate phorbol esters (PEs) degradation rate and enzyme production yield using submerged fermentation (SMF) as screening method and further using solid-state fermentation (SSF) as pilot scale-up study. SMF was carried out with 20 g seed cake in 100 ml minimal salt medium for 7 days incubation, while SSF was done with 20 g seed cake at 50% moisture content for 9 days incubation. Bacillus strains grew well on J. curcas seed cake with 108-1011 CFU/ ml in SMF for 3 days incubation, while they were 10 8 -10 10 CFU/ g in SSF. PEs reduced 76.5%, 77.1%, 78.4%, 85.5%, and 92.0% in SMF with B. smithii G16, B. sonorensis D12, B. licheniformis A3, B. subtilis H8 and B. coagulans C45 for 3 days incubation, respectively, and PEs completed degraded by these five strains for 7 days incubation. Maximum amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, protease and xylanase productions in SMF were observed in B. sonorensis D12 (5.49 ± 0.49 U/ ml; day 7), B. subtilis H8 (17.03 ± 4.90 U/ ml; day 2), B. licheniformis A3 (59.03 ± 0.26 U/ ml; day 7), B. sonorensis D12 (1.70 ± 0.04 U/ ml; day 3), B. coagulans C45 (15.95 ± 0.35 U/ ml; day 7) and B. smithii G16 (1.40 ± 0.01 U/ ml; day 3), respectively. For SSF, PEs were reduced 86.0%, 83.2%, and 93.0% with B. sonorensis D12, B. subtilis H8 and B. smithii G16 for 3 days incubation, respectively. Maximum amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, protease and xylanase productions in SSF were observed in B. smithii G16 (16.08 ± 0.36 U/ g; day 4), B. sonorensis D12 (2.94 ± 0.06 U/ g; day 2), B. smithii G16 (3.87 ± 0.64 U/ g; day 4), B. sonorensis D12 (8.13 ± 1.06 U/ g; day 2), B. smithii G16 (14.13 ± 0.30 U/ g; day 4) and B. smithii G16 (9.72 ± 0.97 U/ g; day 3), respectively. J. curcas seed cake could be detoxified by Bacillus and the high-protein seed cake could be potentially used for enzyme production in industry.

Phorbol Esters Degradation and Enzyme Production by Bacillus using Jatropha Seed Cake as Substrate