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The provision of water and sanitation to poor communities by 2015 is one of the United Nations targets for this millennium. In South Africa many communities aspire to waterborne sanitation. However, there is a technology gap for decentralized and sustainable waterborne treatment plants capable of treating domestic wastewater. Domestic wastewater is more commonly treated using aerobic processes, anaerobic processes may be more appropriate for decentralized applications since they do not require aeration. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was investigated by analysing physicochemical and biochemical data from experiments on a laboratory-scale ABR. A pit latrine sludge diluted with tap water was used to feed the ABR. This feed had different biodegradability characteristics compared to domestic wastewater. COD removal ranged from 52 to 80 % depending on the inlet COD. Some COD removal was due to solids retention in compartments, while it was estimated that only 28% of COD removal was due to biological degradation. Soluble extrapolymeric substances (EPS) which are usually a by product of anaerobic degradation were higher in the feed than in the effluent despite the increasing organic loading rates. More than 50 % of soluble extrapolymeric substances from the load remained in the effluent and were the major cause of membrane fouling for membranes. Also, up to 80% removal efficiencies in terms of total COD and solids were recorded with increasing organic loading rates. While these results do not allow the prediction of ABR-MBR performance during the treatment of real wastewater, it was concluded that most solids retention occurred in the feed tank, COD removal occurred as a result of solids retention and digestion, the loading characteristics influenced only COD and conductivity. The relatively low biodegradability of the feedstock indicates that anaerobic digestion is not the most appropriate treatment for VIP sludge.

international journal of environmental pollution and remediation

Treatment Efficiency of an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Treating Low Biodegradable and Complex Particulate Wastewater (blackwater) in an ABR Membrane Bioreactor Unit(MBR-ABR)