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Computational modelling has been used to investigate the impact of vegetation on the microclimate in a campus courtyard in Qatar. Sixteen scenarios were tested during a hot day with over twenty thousand data entry points analysed for Air Temperature, Wind Speed, Mean Radiant Temperature and Predicted Mean Vote parameters. Trees provide direct shading, evapotranspiration and wind shielding which impacts thermal comfort conditions experienced locally as well as mitigating heat island effect. Vegetation has the ability to reduce excessive air temperature through sunlight interception. Its geometric configuration influences the amount of solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind velocity on microclimate of a given area. The study indicates that an equally distributed vegetation cover results in improved thermal comfort and a significant MRT reduction of 28.3C within the courtyard. The arrangement provides MRT improvement of 7.4C compared to the baseline scenario. The vegetation type also impacts the microclimate where trees of the same leaf density and higher trunk result in an increase of 0.2m/s in wind speed. The shaded grass areas witness a reduction of 1.1C of air temperature and 22C surface temperature compared to exposed hardscape. When replacing trees by shading structures, an increase of 3-5C MRT is witnessed along with an increase in reflected solar radiation. The study concluded that the placement of trees in a configuration that allows air movement and provision of shading as well as having an equally distributed vegetation cover are key to reduce both short-wave and long-wave radiation, avoid solar absorption and heat being trapped in the space.

Vegetation Impact on Microclimate in Hot Climate Zones