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The disturbance of the blood flow close to the struts of a drug-eluting stent plays a leading role on the drug release towards the lumen and the arterial wall. The intra-stent flow is characterized by two recirculation zones upstream and downstream of the strut. The size of these stagnant regions depends on the flow parameters (Reynolds and Womersley numbers) and on geometrical parameters (stent design, artery diameter...). For the steady flow in an artery when the Reynolds number increases, the size of the downstream recirculation zone in the flow direction linearly increases and the size of the upstream recirculation zone decreases. The mass transfer in the vicinity of the stent strut is strongly coupled with the flow in these recirculation zones. Indeed these regions are places where high concentrations of the active ingredient can occur. They control the mean concentration and the spatial distribution of the drug in the arterial wall close to the stent. The upstream recirculation zone plays the role of a drug source diffusing the active ingredient towards the arterial wall. Inversely the downstream recirculation zone acts like a drug sink removing the active ingredient from the arterial wall. Far from the stent, the drug concentration in the arterial wall is mainly controlled by the mass transfer coming from the top of the stent.

Influence of the Recirculation Zones on the Mass Transfer for a DrugEluting Stent