English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

With the view of making an adaptation study for biofilm of the urinary tract, we devised a computer-controlled highly complicated bladder model (biofilm model of the urinary tract) that allowed the simulation of time-course changes in the urinary concentration of antimicrobial agents. Clarithromycin (CAM), which is reported to have an anti-biofilm action, was examined at urinary levels approximating clinical concentrations and its effect on biofilm was determined. The following results were obtained. 1) Ofloxacin (OFLX, 200 mg x 2/day, MIC; 8 micrograms/ml), which is active against Pseudomonas aruginosa, caused apparent microbial elimination from the model at 42 hours, but bacterial regrowth occurred 4 hours after withdrawal of this agent. No disappearance of the biofilm was noted with OFLX suggesting that this was the cause of bacterial regrowth. 2) The combination of OFLX (200 mg x 2/day) and CAM (MIC; &gt; 128 micrograms/ml, 200 mg x 2/day) on anti-biofilm agent, with no effect on P. aeruginosa, eliminated bacteria from the bladder model more rapidly and prolonged the regrowth time to 10 hours after withdrawal of the antimicrobial agents. Disappearance of most of the biofilm and only slight microbial adhesion was noted. 3) The combination of OFLX (200 mg x 2/day) and CAM (400 mg x 3/day) caused microbial elimination from the bladder model with no regrowth at 30 hours after withdrawal of the antimicrobial agents. The biofilm disappeared completely and no microbial adhesion was noted. 4) CAM alone (400 mg x 3/day) allowed microbial recovery to the initial level within 48 hours after withdrawal, but led to disappearance of the biofilm and the adhesion of microbes without a glycocalyx. 5) These results suggest that the anti-biofilm action of CAM is dose-dependent, and that combined use of an appropriate antimicrobial agent and anti-biofilm agent like CAM may be effective for biofilm infections of the urinary tract.

Adaptation Study for Biofilm of the Urinary Tract Via Highly Complicated Bladder Model (Biofilm Model of the Urinary Tract)