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The efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in cancer patients receiving intensive chemotherapy was studied retrospectively. In 14 of the 24 episodes of P. aeruginosa bacteremia, which occurred in 23 severely neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies during a three-year period, G-CSF was given subcutaneously or intravenously at daily doses of 75 micrograms/body to 200 micrograms/m2 of body surface. Overall, survival at one week after onset was observed in 13 patients (54%). Treatment with G-CSF, however, had no statistically significant association with one-week survival, although a favorable outcome was well correlated with an increase in the neutrophil count during therapy. On the other hand, septic shock and appropriate antibiotic therapy were the major prognostic factors. The frequency of shock was reduced by appropriate therapy, but not by G-CSF treatment. These preliminary findings thus suggested that G-CSF should not be effective in the treatment of neutropenic cancer patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia. No adverse effects of G-CSF were observed.

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Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia Complicating Hematologic Malignancy